What type of cement is most commonly used in shotcrete production?

The most commonly used type of cement in shotcrete production is Type 2 cement, known for its moderate sulfate resistance and lower heat of hydration compared to other types. This makes it particularly suitable for applications where exposure to sulfate-rich environments is a concern, or where the heat generated by the curing process needs to be controlled, which is essential in shotcrete applications that may involve thick sections.

Type 2 cement's properties help ensure that the shotcrete has adequate strength and durability while minimizing the risk of cracking during the curing process. These characteristics are vital for preserving the integrity and longevity of structures built with shotcrete, such as swimming pools, tunnels, and retaining walls.

The other types of cement, although valuable in their own rights, do not offer the same balance of sulfate resistance and manageability in shotcrete applications. Type 1 cement, for example, is a general-purpose cement often used in standard applications, whereas Type 3 cement is known for high early strength but may not offer the same durability profile as Type 2 for specific conditions. Type 4 cement, with its low heat of hydration, is normally used for massive structures rather than in thin applications like shotcrete, making Type 2 the ideal choice for effective performance.